Enhancing aerobic granulation for biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater

► Aerobic granular sludge formation from domestic wastewater. ► Maintenance of nutrient removal while granulating. ► Ten percentage of crushed granules as seed sludge stabilize granulation and nutrient removal. ► Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal is enhanced in domestic granules. ► Phosphorus removal by nitrite has a higher threshold concentration in granules.