STR and mitochondrial DNA SNP typing of a bone marrow transplant recipient after death in a fire

Personal identification of a house fire victim is described. About 5 years prior to death, the victim had been underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with a graft from an unrelated donor as treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia. Clinically, the victim had been in remission at the time of death. Typing of STRs and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were performed using blood from the heart as well as several soft (psoas major muscle, uterine muscle and mucous membrane of the urinary bladder) and hard (costal cartilage and nail) tissues. STR genotypes and amelogenin from each of the tissue samples were successfully typed, and the parentage was identified. The blood STR types demonstrated no relationship with those from other tissues. None of the blood STR loci showed extra peaks arising from those of the recipient. Therefore, the blood stem cells were assumed to have been altered to those of the donor. The genotypes of mtDNA control regions were also examined. The electropherogram of hypervariable region II (nucleotide positions 29–408) obtained from the blood revealed a similar length heteroplasmy, suggesting microchimerism of the blood. Sequence analysis of mtDNA might be applicable as a more sensitive method for determination of chimerisms after BMT.