Chemical properties of biocrude oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina algae, swine manure, and digested anaerobic sludge

► Feedstock composition reflected in biocrude chemistry despite similar heating values. ► HTL biocrude N, O heteroatom content exceeds petroleum and requires upgrading. ► Feedstock selection and profiling critical for intended downstream application. ► Complementary analyses provide value-added data for biocrude oil characterization. ► Molecular-level profiling can aid in targeted treatments based on biocrude oil chemistry.