Influence of sward maturity and pre-conditioning temperature on the energy production from grass silage through the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB): 2. Properties of energy carriers and energy yield

In order to determine influencing parameters on energy production of the IFBB process, herbage from a lowland hay meadow (Arrhenaterion) was sampled and ensiled at eight dates between 27 April and 21 June 2007. The silage from each date was processed in six IFBB treatments with and without hydrothermal conditioning at different temperatures. Methane yields and higher heating values were determined and an energy balance was calculated with whole-crop digestion (WCD) of the silage as reference system. Maximum net energy yields were 10.2 MWh ha−1 for the IFBB treatment without hydrothermal conditioning and 9.0 MWh ha−1 for the treatment with hydrothermal conditioning at 50 °C. WCD achieved a maximum net energy yield of 3.7 MWh ha−1. Energy conversion efficiency ranged from 0.24 to 0.54 and was predicted with high accuracy by temperature of hydrothermal conditioning as well as concentration of neutral detergent fibre and dry matter in the silage (R2 = 0.90).