کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
10396095 | 889107 | 2005 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Modification of ammonium lignosulfonate by phenolation for use in phenolic resins
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی شیمی
تکنولوژی و شیمی فرآیندی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
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چکیده انگلیسی
The structural modification of softwood ammonium lignosulfonate by phenolation was studied. A central factorial design was applied to determine the influence of reaction conditions (temperature, time and lignosulfonate content) on the properties of phenolation products. The reaction was monitored through the concentration of free phenol determined by gas chromatography (GC). The characterization of phenolation products was accomplished by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Empirical models were developed to predict phenol conversion and adduct formation according to operating conditions. The optimum phenolation conditions, attained by means of a response surface method, were found to be 120 °C; 160 min and 30% lignosulfonate content.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Bioresource Technology - Volume 96, Issue 9, June 2005, Pages 1013-1018
Journal: Bioresource Technology - Volume 96, Issue 9, June 2005, Pages 1013-1018
نویسندگان
Ma.V. Alonso, M. Oliet, F. RodrıÌguez, J. GarcıÌa, M.A. Gilarranz, J.J. RodrıÌguez,