Layer-by-layer self-assembly and electrochemistry: Applications in biosensing and bioelectronics

► This paper provides an overview of different nanostructured architectures utilised in biosensing and bioelectronics. ► We discuss the theory and the mechanism of charge transfer in polyelectrolyte multilayer films. ► Examples of several architectures and different electrochemical approaches demonstrate the potential of nanostructured LBL films. ► We presents examples of biological molecules utilised in film fabrication, such as DNA, several kinds of proteins, and oligonucleotides, and of the role of molecular interaction in biosensing performance.