3D antibody immobilization on a planar matrix surface

► This paper presents a method for three-dimensional (3D) antibody immobilization. ► The method is totally different from those “3D immobilization” based on 3D matrices. ► It was applied to an HBeAg ELISA and resulted in a substantial performance boost. ► Pull-down assay confirmed that IgG antibodies bind to Ni2+ matrix via a SPA linkage.