Multifunctional ultrasmall nanoplatforms for vascular-targeted interstitial photodynamic therapy of brain tumors guided by real-time MRI

This study is the first in vivo proof of concept of closed-head interstitial photodynamic therapy guided by real-time MRI using targeted ultrasmall nanoplatforms. After treatment, non-invasive imaging approaches and histological examination indicated a vascular disruption and edema into the tumor tissue areas using the conjugated nanoparticles.154