Use of the Yitzhaki Index as a test of relative deprivation for health outcomes: AÂ review of recent literature

► This paper reviews empirical research on relative deprivation and health, focusing on income as the basis of social comparisons. ► 14 recent studies used the Yitzhaki Index and related measures to test the relative deprivation hypothesis in relation to health. ► Self-rated health was the primary outcome of most studies. Other outcomes included mortality, mental health, health behaviors, and infant health. ► Nine studies found evidence of an association between relative deprivation and poor health. ► Further research is needed on reference groups; non-income based measures; low-income settings; and longitudinal and experimental designs.