Hygiene and sanitation among ethnic minorities in Northern Vietnam: Does government promotion match community priorities?

Based on these findings, we suggest that future hygiene promotion strategies aim for a closer match between community priorities and government hygiene policies, e.g. by allowing for a larger diversity of low-cost sanitation solutions. Scaling up participatory community-based hygiene promotion is also recommended to curb dependency and spark initiatives in ethnic minority communities. Finally, interventions should focus on hygiene “software” - promoting hygiene behaviour changes known to effectively prevent hygiene related diseases.