Characterizing conformation changes in proteins through the torsional elastic response

► Elastic network of torsion angles representing all protein atoms ► Null-model of “random” conformation changes based on linear response theory ► Significant deviations suggest functional motions with small energy barriers. ► They occur more frequently for phosphorylation, dimeric proteins, ligand binding. ► Reconcile in a unique framework conformational selection and induced fit.