Dietary Monascus adlay supplements facilitate suppression of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related PLGF in the rat

► Monascus adlay was prepared by inoculating adlay with Monascus purpureus. ► Monascus adlay contained high lovastatin and total phenolic compounds. ► Monascus adlay via lovastatin and total phenolic compounds ameliorates lung injury. ► Monascus adlay attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.