New developments in the analysis of fragrances and earthy-musty compounds in water by solid-phase microextraction (metal alloy fibre) coupled with gas chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry

The analysis of different water matrices revealed that fragrances and earthy-musty compounds were absent from ground- and drinking waters. Surface waters of river Leça contained levels of galaxolide around 250 ng L−1 in the 4 terminal sampling stations, which are downstream of WWTPs and polluted tributaries. Geosmine was ubiquitously distributed in natural waters similarly in rivers Leça and Douro at concentrations <7 ng L−1.