Determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent microextraction

The possibility of applying headspace microextraction into a single drop for the determination of amines in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. A 1 μl drop of benzyl alcohol containing 2-butanone as an internal standard was suspended from the tip of a micro syringe needle over the headspace of stirred sample solutions for extraction. The drop was then injected directly into a GC. The total chromatographic determination was less than 10 min. Optimization of experimental conditions (sampling time, sampling temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength of the solution, concentration of reagents, time of extraction and organic drop volume) with respect to the extraction efficiency were investigated and the linear range and the precision were also examined. Calibration curves yielded good linearity and concentrations down to 2.5 ng ml−1 were detectable with R.S.D. values ranging from 6.0 to 12.0%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of amines in tap and river water samples. This system represents an inexpensive, fast, simple and precise sample cleanup and preconcentration method for the determination of volatile organic compounds at trace levels.