Cellulose micro/nanofibres from Eucalyptus kraft pulp: Preparation and properties

► Refining, sonication and acid hydrolysis were used to produce cellulose nanofibres. ► The refining process was limited by the low efficiency in isolate nanofibrils. ► Sonication was effective for this purpose, but damaged the cellulose structure. ► Acid hydrolysis resulted in narrower, shorter and high crystalline nanostructures. ► Thermal degradation of the whiskers occurred in lower temperatures.