A game theory approach to urban public transport integration policy

A game theoretic conceptual framework model is presented to highlight strategies undertaken by individual public transport operators, public or private, vis-à-vis operational integration strategies. The Nash equilibrium is used to identify possible outcomes in various market situations. These are compared with reported case studies. The model, as a strategy-guiding tool, may be used to assist transport policy decision-makers concerned with public transport integration in identifying the most cost-effective form of intervention and its timely implementation.