Eco-efficiency in micro-enterprises and small firms: a case study in the automotive services sector

A significant number of small and micro-enterprises worldwide make important contributions to global the economy. However, research studies that deal with this kind of enterprise, especially regarding their environmental issues, are limited. This paper aims to demonstrate the viability of eco-efficient practices among small firms and micro-enterprises as a competitive advantage tool. Eco-efficient practices were applied in a micro-sized auto parts and electrical automotive services enterprise in Brazil. The procedures were applied based on the Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development and the Brazilian Support for Micro and Small Enterprises' eco-efficiency model. The outcomes were evaluated and then measured again three years later, to provide more consistent results. The approach was carried out using qualitative action research, followed by a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an F test to compare the averages of the entire studied period. Together with a post-hoc Tukey statistical test to identify which averages among the studied years were driving significant differences, Levene's test was also performed to verify the homogeneity of the variance between all of the studied years, in order to corroborate the analysis. As important findings from this approach, the Micro-sized Enterprise attained better financial, environmental, and social performance, and has purchased new financial incomings. An important aspect was the engagement of the staff and owner during the implementation and evaluation of the new eco-efficient practices. Eco-efficient practices had positive and enduring results, as verified by statistical analysis, among the five studied years. This provides evidence that eco-efficient practices could provide low-cost benefit for both environmental and Small and Micro Enterprises.