Numerical simulations of marine hydrothermal plumes for Europa and other icy worlds

► We have performed a series of simulations of buoyant hydrothermal plumes within Europa's ocean. ► Plumes in our model are 10-35 km in diameter, have temperatures of 10-200 μK, and velocities of 1-5 cm/s. ► Plume parameters are controlled by a single nondimensional parameter, but differ in detail from previous theory.