Coupled convection and tidal dissipation in Europa's ice shell using non-Newtonian grain-size-sensitive (GSS) creep rheology

► Convection in Europa's ice shell under non-Newtonian GSS creep and tidal heating. ► Tidal dissipation rate has a strong impact on the onset of thermal convection. ► Convection can occur in Europa's ice shell (20-40 km) under non-Newtonian GSS.