Mapping and characterization of non-polar permanent shadows on the lunar surface

► We simulated Sun positions and used ray tracing on two global datasets to find permanent shadows. ► Peak temperatures of these shadows are 75-120 K less than nearby directly illuminated areas. ► Several craters in the 60-65° latitude range for each pole may be sufficiently cold to trap ice. ► Shackleton crater has the longest duration shadow on the lunar surface based on current topography. ► No permanent shadows are detectable for obliquities greater than 22.5°.