Approches anthropologique et philosophique du don et du contre-don

From unique elements it collects in Polynesian ethnology, Marcel Mauss (1950) forging the concept of “total social fact” corollary notions of “gift” and “gift-against”, determines the requirement of the laws of reciprocity and communication that are characteristic of the culture itself. It shows that the effectiveness of the gift based on the obligation to make, stress manifests itself in the exchange that has no real meaning linking with other obligations it entails such as giving and receiving. The gift is a structure in which each of its dimensions into reality by the existence of the other, which perpetually reviving the auction, maintains social ties. Indeed, the cycle of giving and renewal comes from the inner strength which he is invested. There are certainly a continuum of men and things osmosis, directing each trajectory in the same symbolic organizes society which is built through the establishment of the institution, namely the language that builds on a general system of reciprocity. In fact, the latter refers to reports that we have with others, confirmation of expectations suggested in the other and the other during the interaction. So, a cycle of reciprocity engages the institution of language that suggests the individual to finally do what the other wants to do it himself.