Sarsasapogenin induces apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway and ER stress pathway in HeLa cells

- SAR induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
- SAR activated UPR signaling pathways.
- SAR provoked the generation of ROS.
- The generation of ROS was necessary for ER stress mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
- Sarsasapogenin (SAR) retarded the cell cycle at S and G2 phase.