Expression of galectin-9 by IFN-γ stimulated human nasal polyp fibroblasts through MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways

► Galectin-9 protein was significantly detected in eosinophil-rich nasal polyps. ► Expression of galectin-9 was correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils. ► IFN-γ up-regulated galectin-9 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblasts. ► The p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, PI3K, and JAK pathways are important in the IFN-γ-mediated chemotaxis of galectin-9. ► Galectin-9 on the surface of nasal polyp fibroblasts mediated eosinophil adhesion to the cells.