Dominant induction of vaccine antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses after simian immunodeficiency virus challenge

► We examined CTL immunodominance after SIV challenge in vaccinated macaques. ► Vaccine antigen-specific CTL responses were induced dominantly post-challenge. ► SIV non-vaccine antigen-specific CTL induction post-challenge was delayed. ► These imply an influence of vaccination on immunodominance post-viral exposure. ► This study provides insights into CTL antigen design in AIDS vaccine development.