Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases the expression and function of toll-like receptor-2 in epithelial cells

► ER stress increases the expression of TLR2 in human epithelial cell lines. ► ER stress also increases the function of TLR2 in these cell lines. ► ER stress also increases the expression of TLR2 in mouse liver tissue in vivo. ► ATF4 is involved in ER stress-induced TLR2 up-regulation.