Non-specific effects of 4-chloro-m-cresol may cause calcium flux and respiratory burst in human neutrophils

We examined the effects of 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC, a potent and specific activator of ryanodine receptors) on Ca2+-release/influx and respiratory burst in freshly isolated human PMN as well as HL60 cells. 4-CmC induces Ca2+ store-depletion in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations between 400 μM and 3 mM, however no dose-dependent effect on Ca2+-influx was found. 4-CmC depleted Ca2+ stores that were shared with the GPC agonists such as fMLP and PAF, and therefore 4-CmC presumably depletes Ca2+ from ER. Since the authentic ligand for RyR is cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), we assessed the functional relevance of RyR in PMN by studying the presence and function of membrane-bound ADP-ribosyl cyclase (CD38) in PMN. First, expression of CD38 was confirmed by RT-PCR using cDNA from HL60 cells. Second, PMN from trauma patients showed significantly enhanced CD38 expression than those from healthy volunteers. In addition, although no chemotaxis effect was detected by 4-CmC, it stimulated respiratory burst in PMN in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that RyRs exist in human PMN and that RyR pathway may play an active role in inflammatory PMN calcium signaling. 8-Br-cADPR and cyclic 3-deaza-ADP did not have inhibitory effects either on 4-CmC-induced Ca2+ store-depletion or on respiratory burst, on the other hand, PLC inhibitor, U73122, completely attenuated both 4-CmC-induced Ca2+ store-depletion and respiratory burst. Although it has been used as a specific activator of RyR, 4-CmC has non-specific effects which cause Ca2+ store-depletion and respiratory burst at least in human PMN.