G-308A TNF-α polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is initiated by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV-16 and HPV-18), but an effective immune response may control the progression of this disease. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, that has been implicated in several cancers. In a case-control study, we evaluated the association between the G-308A TNF-α promoter polymorphism and the risk for invasive cervical cancer (ICC). TNF-α polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing. DNA was obtained from blood samples of 439 individuals, including 195 patients with ICC and 244 normal healthy controls. According to our results, women carrying the A allele present a twofold increased risk of developing ICC (p = 0.006; OR = 1.88; 95% CI [1.20-2.94]). In conclusion, our study suggests that the presence of the high producer allele −308A in the TNF-α gene appears to be associated with an increased risk for the development of ICC.