Molecular chaperone involvement in chloroplast protein import

► Chaperones participate at various stages throughout chloroplast protein import. ► Cytosolic chaperones may aid preprotein docking at different chloroplast receptors. ► Hsp70 involvement in the chloroplast envelope intermembrane space is uncertain. ► Stromal chaperones play major roles in chloroplast protein import in motor complexes. ► Hsp93 and Hsp70 may act in parallel in two different stromal motor complexes.