Dimerization of TCTP and its clinical implications for allergy

► Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as HRF, shows cytokine-like activity. ► TCTP exhibits cytokine-like functions only after it is modified by proteases, oxidants, or IgE in the inflamed sites. ► This review shows that dimerization is the critical modification of TCTP responsible for its cytokine-like activity. ► It further discusses the clinical relevance of dimerized TCTP to allergic diseases, and in the therapy of these diseases.