X-ray crystallography and NMR as tools for the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are well recognized as key targets in a wide spectrum of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. Their roles in these maladies have been successfully characterized by various methods. However, it is only by utilizing the entire gamut of tools and techniques available that we can build a sufficient knowledge of their mode of action to bridge the gap between bench work and bedside treatments. Here, we highlight X-ray crystallography and NMR for the study of PTPs and describe methodological aspects of their use. These techniques are highly developed, versatile methods that together afford insight into protein dynamics, function and three-dimensional structure. They provide the detail necessary for the structure-based design and identification of lead compounds with potential as PTP-specific drugs for therapeutic use.