The account for provider and center effects in multicenter interventional and surgical randomized controlled trials is in need of improvement: a review

ObjectiveTo systematically review the account of center and provider effects in large surgical and interventional randomized controlled trials.Study DesignA systematic review of multicenter interventional randomized trials of 200+ patients. The search included Medline from 1 January 2000 through 11 October 2005 and a hand search of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. One author abstracted all data using standardized abstraction forms; a second reviewer assessed a random sample of reports as quality-assurance procedure.ResultsSixty-eight reports met inclusion criteria. The trials predominantly reported on cardiology (n = 23, 34%). The number of participating providers was reported in 11 trials (16%). Both the performed control and performed interventional procedures were described in 43 trials (63%). The use of stratified random allocation on center was reported in 26 trials (38%) and on provider in 6 trials (9%). The analysis was adjusted for center in four trials (6%) and for provider in three trials (4%).ConclusionsOnly few trials account for center or provider effect in the design and analysis. Authors and journal editors could play an important role in improving the reporting of trials.