Amelioration of chromium phytotoxicity in spinach by withdrawal of chromium or iron application through different modes

With all these various treatments the recovery from ill effects of chromium was observed but most conspicuous was when iron was supplied through roots (250 μM) and through spray (250 μM) both together. This was reflected by increase in biomass, concentrations of chlorophylls, total and ferrous iron, Hill reaction activity, relative water content and recovery in activity of catalase, peroxidase, ribonuclease and starch phosphorylase along with lowered chromium concentration. When chromium was withdrawn for 8 days from excess chromium treated plants, changes in all parameters was marked in absence of Cr. The removal of Cr drastically lowered the Cr concentration increased chlorophyll and iron concentration, biomass, relative water content and recovery in enzyme activities to large extent.