Effect of N-homocysteinylation on physicochemical and cytotoxic properties of amyloid β-peptide

► Hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. ► Homocysteine can be converted to Hcy-thiolactone, which can alter protein structure by N-homocysteinylation. ► We examine changes in the structure and cytotoxicity of N-homocysteinylated amyloid beta peptide aggregation. ► The modification induces a change in structure and increases its tendency to form toxic aggregates.