کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
1087840 951552 2013 7 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Smoking and vascular risk: are all forms of smoking harmful to all types of vascular disease?
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم پزشکی و سلامت پزشکی و دندانپزشکی بیماری های عفونی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Smoking and vascular risk: are all forms of smoking harmful to all types of vascular disease?
چکیده انگلیسی

Smoking, both active and passive, is an established vascular risk factor. The present narrative review considers the effects of different forms of smoking (i.e. cannabis, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco and cigarette) on cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the impact of smoking on several vascular risk factors [e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia and haemostasis] and on vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and carotid arterial disease, is discussed.The adverse effects of all forms of smoking and the interactions between smoking and established vascular risk factors highlight the importance of smoking cessation in high-risk patients in terms of both primary and secondary vascular disease prevention. Healthcare providers should discourage people (especially the young) from becoming smokers, strongly encourage all vascular patients to stop smoking and support those who decide to quit by pharmaceutical and psychological interventions. In high-risk populations such as patients with CHD, DM and/or PAD, smoking cessation should always be a part of a multifactorial treatment to reduce vascular risk.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Public Health - Volume 127, Issue 5, May 2013, Pages 435–441
نویسندگان
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