Avances en el desarrollo de una estrategia efectiva para la vacuna contra el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global public health problem, with increasing incidence despite prevention campaigns. Although there have been many advances in the development of antiretroviral drugs which have improved quality and life expectancy, their continue use has been associated with serious side effects and resistance, pointing the requirement for the development of a therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine against HIV. In this review we will focus on the various designs evaluated, their advantages, disadvantages and the different changes that have been implemented based on previous studies. Also, we describe from classic to recent strategies, including modification of various vectors in order to trigger an immune response, capable of preventing infection or enhancing previous immune responses. Additionally, the scheme called «prime-boost», which has been applied in clinical trials with good results in the induction of a humoral and cellular immune response will be discussed.