Uncoupling direct and indirect plant defences: Novel opportunities for improving crop security in willow plantations

▶ Direct and indirect defence against herbivores need not be traded off in Salix short rotation coppice. ▶ Omnivorous biocontrol agent prosper on plant genotypes resistant to herbivores. ▶ Intertwined defences open up novel possibilities for increased cropping security. ▶ It is suggested that direct and indirect defence should co-vary in crops.