The composition of visual texture design on surface for color vision deficiency (CVD)

Color serves as a nonlinguistic code that gives us instant information about the world around us. Based on color vision and visual perception theories, this study aimed to create a set of texture composition principles that not only supports a person with Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) to distinguish colors, but also maintains the visibility and aesthetic of the target. The study defined the texture background as red RGB(255, 0, 0). After the operational definition, a focus on the independent variable of texture color, elements size, and distance was possible. Second, the constant stimuli method was employed to measure the visible texture compositions by CVDs and Normal Color Vision (NCV) people. Finally, NCVs were asked to subjectively evaluate the influence level. Depending on the purpose and position of the application, designers can decide which compositions benefit viewers. For being detected immediately by CVDs, the proper parameters on a red background are the texture elements with RGB(234, 0, 21) color, dimension 2.5′, and clearance 2.5'. For website designs or commercial advertisements, designers can choose a smaller dimension 1.67′ and clearance 5′, so CVDs can easily read the information without a lack of aesthetics for NCVs. The parameters might be a little different if the image is displayed on paper or through LED signals. For this reason, future studies could take material and environment into consideration, and conclude a series of texture composition principles to support Color Vision Deficiency.