New genus and species of Anablepidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from the Late Miocene of Argentina

A new anablepid (Cyprinodontiformes) from the Late Miocene of Puchuzum locality, San Juan Province, Argentina is described here. The collected specimens include male and female individuals showing marked sexual dimorphism and represented different ontogenetic stages. The fossils show a unique combination of characters reveals a new genus and species, Sanjuanableps calingasta. The phylogenetic analysis allowed to identify a monophyletic clade including Anableps, Tucmanableps and Sanjuanableps, which constitutes the sister group of other anablepids. During the Late Miocene, Sanjuanableps possibly formed monospecific shoals in shallow ponds of salty water in semiarid environments.