Total flavones of fermentation broth by co-culture of Coprinus comatus and Morchella esculenta induces an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells via the MAPK signaling pathway

The inflammatory cellular model of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has always been used to investigate the effect of anti-inflammatory agents in vitro. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of total flavones extracted from the fermentation broth of the co-culture of Coprinus comatus and Morchella esculenta (MCF-F), and its potential molecular mechanism in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells were investigated. The data revealed that MCF-F exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. At the same time, MCF-F was less cytotoxic under a concentration of 16 μg/ml in RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of MCF-F was detected using the Griess method and ELISA assay, and the results well-corroborated with the observed decrease in expression in pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and inteleukin-1β (IL-1β). In addition, the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) were confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot, and it was found that both mRNA and protein levels were downregulated after MCF-F treatment. The data also revealed that MCF-F downregulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and P38 MAPK. Collectively, these results lead to the conclusion that MCF-F exerts an anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells via the MAPK pathway.