Lead(II)-selective ionophores for ion-selective electrodes: A review

• Description and comparison of the newest synthesized lead(II)-selective ionophores.
• A need of determination unbiased (true) selectivity coefficients.
• Lead as a pollutant.
• Synergistic collaboration between synthetic organic chemists and electrochemists.
• Further search for highly selective lead(II) ionophores for environmental analysis.

In potentiometry, high selectivity of the ion-selective membranes must be assured in order to reliably measure various analytes in clinical, industrial and environmental samples. Due to the toxic nature of lead(II) it is important to monitor Pb2+ distribution in natural waters. This may be achieved by implementation of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with high selectivity towards lead(II) and low detection limit. A great number of Pb2+-ionophores were synthesized and studied. In this work lead(II)-selective ionophores, starting from late 90s, are gathered and discussed. This work gives a comprehensive description and discussion on the novel and available lead(II)-selective ionophores for ISEs.

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