Multivariate optimization of molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction applied to parathion determination in different water samples

In this work a parathion selective molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized and applied as a high selective adsorber material for parathion extraction and determination in aqueous samples. The method was based on the sorption of parathion in the MIP according to simple batch procedure, followed by desorption by using methanol and measurement with square wave voltammetry. Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs were used for optimizing the solid-phase extraction, in order to enhance the recovery percent and improve the pre-concentration factor. By using the screening design, the effect of six various factors on the extraction recovery was investigated. These factors were: pH, stirring rate (rpm), sample volume (V1), eluent volume (V2), organic solvent content of the sample (org%) and extraction time (t). The response surface design was carried out considering three main factors of (V2), (V1) and (org%) which were found to be main effects. The mathematical model for the recovery percent was obtained as a function of the mentioned main effects. Finally the main effects were adjusted according to the defined desirability function. It was found that the recovery percents more than 95% could be easily obtained by using the optimized method. By using the experimental conditions, obtained in the optimization step, the method allowed parathion selective determination in the linear dynamic range of 0.20–467.4 μg L−1, with detection limit of 49.0 ng L−1 and R.S.D. of 5.7% (n = 5). Parathion content of water samples were successfully analyzed when evaluating potentialities of the developed procedure.