Piezoelectric pumping in flow analysis: Application to the spectrophotometric determination of gabapentin

Solutions propelling devices are fundamental components of a flow-based analytical manifold. In this work different manifold configurations were implemented to evaluate the performance of multiple piezoelectric micro-pumps used as solutions insertion and propulsion devices. The micro-pumps are piezo-actuated micro-diaphragm pumps with passive check valves characterised by a small compact size and low power demands, and are able to produce reproducible flow rates of up to 4 mL min−1. The flow rate is controlled by the frequency of the piezoelectric actuator (up to 20 Hz). As an additional feature, piezoelectric micro-pumps actuation generates a pulsed flowing stream that ensures a faster sample/reagent mixing contributing to improved reaction development.The developed flow approach was assessed in the spectrophotometric determination of gabapentin in pharmaceutical preparations upon reaction with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate in alkaline medium. Distinct flow manifold configurations were designed for achievement of different solutions management. Linear calibrations plots for gabapentin concentrations of up to 150 mg L−1, with relative standard deviations of less than 1.50% (n = 10) and a sample throughput of about 28 determinations per hour, were obtained.