Analysis and upgrading of bio-petroleum from biomass by direct deoxy-liquefaction

Bio-petroleum with unusual H/C molar ratio of 1.90 and higher heating value of 44.22 MJ/kg was obtained from soybean stalk by deoxy-liquefaction (deoxygenation in the process of liquefaction). This bio-petroleum had similar composition to fossil petroleum which contains long-chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The oil with H/C molar ratio of 2.00 and the higher heating value of 46.95 MJ/kg was obtained after bathing with 1% NaOH solution by refluxing. And then this bathed bio-petroleum was directly distilled and the fractions were boiled under <120 °C, 120–180 °C, 180–240 °C, 240–350 °C, respectively, of which the distillate of 240–350 °C was almost the same with diesel oil in composition and could be used as a substitute transport fuel after decolorization using activated clay.