Determination of carbamate, phenylurea and phenoxy acid herbicide residues by gas chromatography after potassium tert-butoxide/dimethyl sulphoxide/ethyl iodide derivatization reaction

The usefulness of the potassium tert-butoxide/dimethyl sulphoxide/ethyl iodide reaction with carbamate and phenylurea herbicides, and its application to phenoxy acids as a way to prevent hazards and toxicity of the sodium hydride/dimethyl sulphoxide/methyl iodide reaction was studied. Using factorial design optimization of this reaction was carried out. A solid-phase extraction method using dimethyl sulphoxide as eluent on-line with this reaction was developed to determine these herbicides in water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Relative standard deviation values were lower than 10% for most of the herbicides in multicomponent trace determinations. Detection limits were in the 0.110–0.652 ng L−1 concentration range. The validity of the method was confirmed by recovery studies from natural water samples.