Sample treatment and preparation for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

This review highlights the work of many LIBS researchers who have developed, adapted, and improved upon sample preparation techniques for various specimen types in order to improve the quality of the analytical data that LIBS can produce in a large number of research domains. Strategies, not only for solids, but also liquids, gases, and aerosols are discussed, including newly developed nanoparticle enhancement and biological imaging and tagging techniques.