Sensitive determination of anions in saliva using capillary electrophoresis after transient isotachophoretic preconcentration

A transient isotachophoresis–capillary electrophoresis (tITP–CE) system for the determination of minor inorganic anions in saliva is described. The complete separation and quantification of bromide, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, and thiocyanate has been achieved with only centrifugation and dilution of the saliva sample. In-line tITP preconcentration conditions, created by introduction of the plugs of 5 mM dithionic acid (leading electrolyte) and 10 mM formic acid (terminating electrolyte) before and after the sample zone, respectively, allowed the limits of direct UV absorption detection (at 200 nm) to be up to 50-fold improved as compared with CE without tITP. As a result, nitrate and thiocyanate were still detectable at 4.6 and 3.8 μg l−1, respectively, in 1000 times diluted saliva. The daily variations of anionic concentrations in saliva samples taken from a smoking health volunteer were discussed based on the results of tITP–CE analysis. It was confirmed that the thiocyanate concentration in saliva noticeably increased after smoking. This is apparently the first report on simultaneous quantification of more than four anionic salivary constituents using CE.