Ultrasensitive flow-injection electrochemical method for detection of anticancer drug tamoxifen

This paper presents the optimization of instrumental and solution parameters for determination of tamoxifen in urine and plasma and formulation by fast Fourier transform square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a gold microelectrode in flow-injection system. The samples are subjected by the same buffer solution and are injected in the flow-injection apparatus. By applying a novel square wave voltammetry method to perform as a sensitive method the voltamograms are recorded. The method used for determination of tamoxifen by measuring the changes in admittance voltammogram of a gold ultramicroelectrode (in 0.05 mol L−1 H3PO4 solution) caused by adsorption of the tamoxifen on the electrode surface. The best sensitivity was achieved using a frequency of 600 Hz and a medium composed of 0.05 mol L−1 phosphate buffers at pH 2.0. The best performance was obtained with the pH value of 2, pulse amplitude 25 mV, frequency 600 Hz, accumulation potential of −100 mV and accumulation time of 0.5 s. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio has significantly increased by application of discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. Calibration plots are given for solutions containing 1.0 × 10−11 to 3.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 of tamoxifen. The detection limit is calculated to be 3.0 × 10−12 mol L−1 (∼2 pg mL−1). The relative standard deviation at concentration 2.0 × 10−8 M is 6.1% for five reported measurements.