Aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials for bioanalysis

We review advances in the development and the application of optical biosensing systems based on aptamers. Aptamers exhibit advantages as molecular recognition elements for biosensors when compared to traditional antibodies. Among different detection modes that have been employed, optical methods are among the most used, and the combination of aptamers with novel optical nanomaterials has significantly improved the performance of aptamer-based sensors.The review briefly introduces the unique optical properties of nanoscale materials and the urgency of research on aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials in bioanalysis. We then discuss current research activities with typical examples of fluorescence, surface-plasmon resonance and quencher nanomaterials for different detection methods (e.g., fluorescence resonance transfer, colorimetry, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy). The conclusion summarizes this exciting realm of study and offers perspectives for future developments.

► Research is urgent for aptamer-conjugated optical nanomaterials in bioanalysis.
► Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes are aptamer-conjugated fluorescent nanomaterials.
► Aptamer-functionalized plasmonic metal nanomaterials for SPR and SERS detection.
► Aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials as fluorescence quenchers for biodetection.
► Carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles and dye-doped silica nanoparticles.