The application of multicommutated flow techniques to the determination of iron

New flow techniques such as multicommutated flow-injection analysis (MCFIA), multi-syringe FIA (MSFIA) and multi-pumping flow systems (MPFSs) have been developed. The low reagent consumption achieved by these techniques should be highlighted, as they can be regarded as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional FIA. We present several applications of these novel flow techniques to the determination of iron.