Advances for sensitive, rapid and selective extraction in different configurations of solid-phase microextraction

• We review SPME configurations used for enhancement of extraction efficiency.
• We review SPME configurations used for enhancement of extraction rate.
• We review SPME configurations used for enhancement of extraction selectivity.

Since its introduction in 1990s, different configurations of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have been evaluated for different applications, and can be classified into the static and dynamic techniques. The current review briefly discusses the development of the techniques applied to reduce extraction time and/or to enhance extraction efficiency. It is also reviews selective microextraction techniques, such as molecularly-imprinted polymer, immunoaffinity, restricted access material and aptamer sol-gel SPME.